She was talking to me with her legs crossed. Alex is getting stressed out with the deadline fast approaching. Seeing no sign of improvement after another three months, he shut down the business. I raised my voice to make myself heard.
with her head turning / with her legs crossed,明确头在转、双腿交叉的伴随状态。
整理者补充 / 边界
with + 名词 + 补足成分不宜一概标成“with + 动名词”:her head 是 turning 的主体,her legs 是 crossed 所描述的对象。介词并没有因此变成动词。 in a French accent 也可描述口音,不必然表示刻意模仿;with 并非唯一能表达这一信息的结构。
现在就练
把 while her head turns 改成 with 版本,标出 head。
用 with 描述一个人说话时的姿态。
费曼挑战
with her legs crossed 为什么不用 crossing?
讲完再看:参考思路
这里描述腿保持交叉的状态;crossing 会呈现主动交叉的过程,意思不相同。
过关检查
原讲义 / 课件页:1
02 · with 后组装大信息块
让背景内容完整、边界清楚。
用自己的话理解
with the deadline fast approaching:截止日期逼近。
with what is coming up next week:what 组合成“下周将来的事”。
with the fact that… / with the interview…which…:一个展开事实,一个描述面试。
整理者补充 / 边界
what is coming up 的重点是句法语序和内容,不是只改疑问语调。fact that 是内容说明;interview which… 中 which 回指 interview。不要仅靠中文长短判断词类。
现在就练
用同一个 stressed out 主干替换四种背景。
解释 fact that 与 interview which 的差异。
费曼挑战
with 后的信息越来越长,主干有没有变化?
讲完再看:参考思路
主干仍是 Alex is getting stressed out;后面增加导致或伴随紧张的背景。
过关检查
原讲义 / 课件页:1
03 · without / before / after + 名词
用事物或事件概括背景。
用自己的话理解
without any accent / without showing… 表示缺少某种特征或表现。
before Google / before the meeting / before going up,把平台时代、会议或动作作为参照。
after the complaints 用 complaints 概括投诉这件事。
整理者补充 / 边界
所有人说话都有口音;without any accent 通常指没有明显外来或特定口音。without a parking brake 字面是没有停车制动装置,不自动等于没拉手刹;若指操作应说 without applying the parking brake。after Rachel telling… 课堂原句保留,学习输出优先 after Rachel told me…;直接改 after telling… 会让说话者变成 I。
现在就练
将会议前后各做一件事说完整。
解释 after Rachel told me 与 after telling me 的主体。
费曼挑战
为什么压缩时不能把 Rachel 随便删掉?
讲完再看:参考思路
原句告诉我投诉的是 Rachel;删掉后可能把动作归到主句的 I,关系就错了。
过关检查
原讲义 / 课件页:2
04 · by 与 as:方法和身份
区分通过什么、以谁的身份。
用自己的话理解
by my wrist 指抓住身体哪一部分;by reinventing… 表示途径。
by accident 是偶然,不能机械解释为主动借助一个事故。
as your father / as someone who’s gone through…,分别以父亲和过来人的身份说话。
整理者补充 / 边界
by 的“在旁边”图像不能推导所有搭配。as your father 与 like your father 不同:前者表身份,后者可只表相似。billionaire 句是课堂例句,不代表查证了某人的经历。
现在就练
用 by 说明一个学习方法。
同一句建议分别以朋友和有经历者的身份说。
费曼挑战
as someone who’s gone through… 中 who’s 是什么?
讲完再看:参考思路
此处是 who has,gone through 是经历过;不是 who is。
过关检查
原讲义 / 课件页:2、3
05 · -ing 背景:先核对谁做
压缩句子不悬空。
用自己的话理解
Seeing no sign…, he…:看不到改善的人是 he。
Moving on…, we…:切换话题的是 we。
on / upon hearing 强调听到时的触发;单独 hearing 可能是背景,也可能让后面名词归属不清。
整理者补充 / 边界
句首分词通常与主句共享主体。讲义颁奖口语 Looking…, seeing…, it just makes me wonder… 的 it 不是看观众的人;正式输出可改 As I look… and see…, I wonder…。He jumped up like a child hearing… 可被读成 hearing 修饰 child;要清楚可用 On hearing the news, he jumped up like a child。
现在就练
把 Seeing no sign… 展开为完整从句,再压缩。
改写颁奖例,让 I 明确执行 look / see / wonder。
费曼挑战
为什么不能只看到 -ing 就认定“现在正在进行”?
讲完再看:参考思路
分词本身没有独立时态,时间由主句和上下文决定;它也能补原因、结果等信息。
过关检查
原讲义 / 课件页:3、4
06 · 接续、转折与结果
在完整主干后补充下一层信息。
用自己的话理解
going forward 常表示从现在往后。
Having said that 是说完前面一点后补充转折或限制。
完整句后 paving… / making…,可交代整个事件带来的结果。
整理者补充 / 边界
Having said 是主动完成分词,不是“这句话被说”的被动。结果分词有时承接整个前句事件,不必硬找主句名词作动作人。新闻标题会省冠词或助动词;平常完整表达宜补 paving the way。新闻死亡数字只作旧例。
现在就练
先说某种方法有效,再用 Having said that 补限制。
把一个结果分词改写为 and this… 验证因果。
费曼挑战
Having said that 中 said 为什么不是被动?
讲完再看:参考思路
它与 having 组成完成形式;被动需要 having been said 等结构,这里是说话者已说过前面的内容。
过关检查
原讲义 / 课件页:4
07 · 过去分词与固定连接
区分被描述的对象和固定条件表达。
用自己的话理解
shocked by the news 描述 he 的状态。
Seen from space 后面应接被看见的 earth。
given that 引出已知背景;provided that 引出条件。
整理者补充 / 边界
-ed 不一律等于过去或被动:词形、句法和语境共同判断;过去分词也可能不规则。given that / provided that 已是固定连接方式,不需要想象真的有人“给”了条件。embarrassed 也常作形容词。 答疑中的 providing that 也是标准条件连接词,与 provided that 意思接近,不代表慢慢提供条件;不要按 -ing / -ed 的声音强行制造这种差异。
现在就练
用 Seen from… 描述一个被观察的地方,检查主语。
把借车条件用 provided that 说清。
费曼挑战
Seen from space, I think the earth… 为什么容易出问题?
讲完再看:参考思路
按普通分词附加语结构会让 I 成为从太空被看见的对象;可改 When seen from space, the earth… 或 From space, the earth…
过关检查
原讲义 / 课件页:4、5
08 · to do:压缩目的,再回到整体
表达行动是为了什么。
用自己的话理解
I raised my voice to make myself heard:raise 与 make 的主体均为 I。
Please fill in the form to help us…:填表和帮助的主体是被请求者,provide 的主体是 us。
名词、动词、形容词、副词的功能视角帮助整理信息,但不是英语只存在四类词。
答疑 suggest:I suggest going for a picnic 是建议的内容;I suggest a picnic to enjoy the sunshine 的 to… 补目的,不能因此推出 suggest to go 正确。
整理者补充 / 边界
不定式不总表示将来;To speak great English is to train your brain 是课堂格言式表达,不能仅凭形式解释成两个未来动作。目的可以未实现,“动作 A 引发 B”不是必然因果。不同主体时要保留 so that 从句或采用清楚的结构。 标准表达不用 suggest to do 或 suggest someone to do,可用 suggest doing / suggest that…。I suggest 本身可正常使用,并非一定要改 I’d like to suggest。
现在就练
把两组 so that / in order that 与 to do 对照。
用自己的学习目标说三句行动与目的。
费曼挑战
为什么 fill in…to provide… 可能改变意思?
讲完再看:参考思路
若不保留 help us,provide 的执行者容易被理解成填表者;原句是让我们提供方案。
过关检查
原讲义 / 课件页:5
KEEP THE TEACHER’S EXAMPLES
课堂例句与例词
保留原讲义英文项目。短片按知识点或词组提供,不是逐词精确字幕。
副词修饰谁
原讲义第 1 页
She walks beautifully.
She walks unbelievably beautifully.
She is unbelievably beautiful.
伴随状态
原讲义第 1 页
She walks so beautifully while her head turns from side to side.
She walks so beautifully with her head turning from side to side.
He speaks English with a strong French accent.
She was talking to me while she was keeping her legs crossed.
She was talking to me with her legs crossed.
with 后的信息块
原讲义第 1 页
Alex is getting stressed out with the deadline fast approaching.
Alex is getting stressed out with what is coming up next week.
Alex is getting stressed out with the fact that he hasn’t been able to find a job for a year.
Alex is getting stressed out with the interview next week which will decide if he gets the job.
without:口音和手刹的说明见单元 3
原讲义第 2 页
He speaks perfect English without any accent.
John left his car on a hill without a parking brake.
She jumped into the lake without showing any signs of anxiety.
before / after:名词与动作
原讲义第 2 页
People used Yellow Pages before Google.
I made a stop at Starbucks before the meeting.
I made a stop at Starbucks before going up.
They have a lot of adjusting to do after Trump.
I made a few calls after Rachel telling me about the complaints.
I made a few calls after the complaints.
by:部位、用语和方法
原讲义第 2 页
He grabbed me by my wrist.
What do you mean by “sort of okay”?
People don’t become successful just by accident.
He became a billionaire by reinventing social media.
as:身份
原讲义第 3 页
I am talking to you as your father.
I am talking to you as someone who’s gone through the whole thing.
课堂引用口语:主语检查见单元 5
原讲义第 3 页
Looking at this audience tonight, seeing so many familiar faces tonight, it just makes me wonder, for a minute, what is a movie star?
-ing:词形不等于唯一功能
原讲义第 3 页
He is an inspiring teacher.
He is inspiring his students.
现在分词背景
原讲义第 4 页
He jumped up like a child hearing the news.
He jumped up like a child on/upon hearing the news.
Seeing no sign of improvement after another 3 months, he shut down the business.
He shut down the business, considering that there has been no sign of improvement.
Moving on to the next topic, we’ll be talking about our brand positioning.
向前与转折
原讲义第 4 页
There will be huge opportunities going forward.
Having said that, there are going to be days when you are too lazy to go out.
原新闻标题:补充结果
原讲义第 4 页
FAA approves airport coronavirus screenings, paving way for first program to launch in Iowa.
Thirty-three coronavirus-related fatalities were announced Wednesday, making the total number of deaths statewide 2,062.
-ed:形容词与动词
原讲义第 4 页
I was so embarrassed.
She embarrassed me.
过去分词与固定连接
原讲义第 5 页
He stood still for 5 minutes, completely shocked by the news.
Seen from space, our earth is a shimmering blue marble.
He shut down the business, given that there has been no sign of improvement.
I’d be happy to lend you my car provided that you promise to return it before Friday.
You can borrow my car provided that you promise to return it before Friday.
不定式与目的
原讲义第 5 页
To speak great English is to train your brain.
I’m training my brain to speak fluent English.
I raised my voice so that everyone could hear me.
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
Please fill in the form in order that we can provide the best solution to you.
Please fill in the form to help us provide the best solution to you.